针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的CiteSpace知识图谱可视化分析＊

目的 采用可视化分析方法总结国内针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究进展。方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）中针灸治疗阿尔茨海默病的相关文献，利用CiteSpace软件生成相关文献的作者、研究机构和关键词的共现图谱，并进行分析。结果 共检索出相关文献290篇，符合纳入标准的有263篇，年发文量呈上升-回落交替的趋势。可视化图谱显示：共有96位作者被纳入，其中32位作者发文量 ≥ 3篇；共有25所机构被纳入，其中5所机构发文量 ≥ 3篇；共有101个关键词被纳入，其中9个关键词的出现频次 ≥ 10次。涉及的针灸治疗方法包括电针、手针、艾灸、针刺+艾灸、针药结合等，最常用的腧穴为以督脉为代表的阳经经穴。结论 ①针灸治疗AD的研究较为热门，但整体影响力不足，需加强多机构、多中心的协作交流；②针灸干预AD侧重于基础研究，临床研究薄弱，今后应规范治疗体系，强化大规模临床研究，促进科研成果的转化与应用。     

Cost-effectiveness of maternal immunization against neonatal invasive Group B Streptococcus in the Netherlands

BackgroundNeonatal invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection causes considerable disease burden in the Netherlands. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) prevents early-onset disease (EOD), but has no effect on late-onset disease (LOD). A potential maternal GBS vaccine could prevent both EOD and LOD by conferring immunity in neonates.ObjectiveExplore under which circumstances maternal vaccination against GBS would be cost-effective as an addition to, or replacement for the current risk factor-based IAP prevention strategy in the Netherlands.MethodsWe assessed the maximum cost-effective price per dose of a trivalent (serotypes Ia, Ib, and III) and hexavalent (additional serotypes II, IV, and V) GBS vaccine in addition to, or as a replacement for IAP. To project the prevented costs and disease burden, a decision tree model was developed to reflect neonatal GBS disease and long-term health outcomes among a cohort based on 169,836 live births in the Netherlands in 2017.ResultsUnder base-case conditions, maternal immunization with a trivalent vaccine would gain 186 QALYs and prevent more than €3.1 million in health care costs when implemented in addition to IAP. Immunization implemented as a replacement for IAP would gain 88 QALYs compared to the current prevention strategy, prevent €1.5 million in health care costs, and avoid potentially ~ 30,000 IAP administrations. The base-case results correspond to a maximum price of €58 per dose (vaccine + administration costs; using a threshold of €20,000/QALY). Expanding the serotype coverage to a hexavalent vaccine would only have a limited additional impact on the cost-effectiveness in the Netherlands.ConclusionsA maternal GBS vaccine could be cost-effective when implemented in addition to the current risk factor-based IAP prevention strategy in the Netherlands. Discontinuation of IAP would save costs and prevent antibiotic use, however, is projected to lead to a lower health gain compared to vaccination in addition to IAP.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术在内脏静脉疾病中应用

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）20世纪90年代初被引入中国，在一代代专家的不懈努力下，TIPS技术得以在全国范围内大力推广，并取得了可喜的成绩。该技术广泛用于治疗门静脉高压并发症，随着技术的进步，其适应证也在逐步扩展。目前在临床上主要用于食管胃静脉曲张出血、顽固性胸腔积液、腹腔积液、布-加综合征、门静脉血栓、顽固性肝性脑病、肝小静脉闭塞（肝窦阻塞综合征）等的治疗，经过数十年的发展与改进，经历了大量的临床研究检验，已经被临床广泛接受和认可。     

Early life Adversity,functional connectivity and cognitive performance in Schizophrenia: The mediating role of IL-6

ObjectiveExposure to childhood trauma (CT) is associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and deficits in social cognition in particular. Here, we sought to test whether IL-6 mediated the association between CT and social cognition both directly, and sequentially via altered default mode network (DMN) connectivity.MethodsThree-hundred-and-eleven participants (104 patients and 207 healthy participants) were included, with MRI data acquired in a subset of n = 147. CT was measured using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). IL-6 was measured in both plasma and in toll like receptor (TLR) stimulated whole blood. The CANTAB emotion recognition task (ERT) was administered to assess social cognition, and cortical connectivity was assessed based on resting DMN connectivity.ResultsHigher IL-6 levels, measured both in plasma and in toll-like receptor (TLR-2) stimulated blood, were significantly correlated with higher CTQ scores and lower cognitive and social cognitive function. Plasma IL-6 was further observed to partly mediate the association between higher CT scores and lower emotion recognition performance (CTQ total: β_indirect −0.0234, 95% CI: −0.0573 to −0.0074; CTQ physical neglect: β_indirect = −0.0316, 95% CI: −0.0741 to −0.0049). Finally, sequential mediation was observed between plasma IL-6 levels and DMN connectivity in mediating the effects of higher CTQ on lower social cognitive function (β_indirect = −0.0618, 95% CI: −0.1523 to −0.285).ConclusionThis work suggests that previous associations between CT and social cognition may be partly mediated via an increased inflammatory response. IL-6′s association with changes in DMN activity further suggest at least one cortical network via which CT related effects on cognition may be transmitted.     

Insights from CREDENCE trial indicate an acute drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate during treatment with canagliflozin with implications for clinical practice

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Humanized C3 Mouse: A Novel Accelerated Model of C3 Glomerulopathy

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Should we start integrating genetic data in decision-making on device-aided therapies in Parkinson disease? A point of view

Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Association studies have revealed numerous genetic risk loci and variants, and about 5–10% suffer from a monogenic form. Because the presentation and course of PD is unique to each patient, personalized symptomatic treatment should ideally be offered to treat the most disabling motor and non-motor symptoms. Indeed, clinical milestones and treatment complications that appear during disease progression are influenced by the genetic imprint. With recent advances in PD, more patients live longer to become eligible for device-aided therapies, such as apomorphine continuous subcutaneous infusion, levodopa duodenal gel infusion, and deep brain stimulation surgery, each with its own inclusion and exclusion criteria, advantages and disadvantages. Because genetic variants influence the expression of particular clinical profiles, factors for better or worse outcomes for device-aided therapies may then be proactively identified. For example, mutations in PRKN, LRRK2 and GBA express phenotypes that favor suitability for different device therapies, although with marked differences in the therapeutic window; whereas multiplications of SNCA express phenotypes that make them less desirable for device therapies.